TY - JOUR

T1 - Rearing without early access to perches impairs the spatial skills of laying hens

AU - Gunnarsson, Stefan

AU - Yngvesson, Jenny

AU - Keeling, Linda J.

AU - Forkman, Björn

N1 - Funding Information: We thank the Swedish National Board of Agriculture for financial support and Hans Gustafsson for building the pens.

PY - 2000/4/3

Y1 - 2000/4/3

N2 - The effect of rearing with and without perches on the spatial ability of domestic hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) was investigated. No access or late access to perches during rearing has been shown to increase the later prevalence of floor eggs and cloacal cannibalism in loose-housed laying hens. This may be explained by either the birds reared without perches have difficulty using perches due to low muscle strength, lack of motor skills, and inability to keep balance, or they have impaired spatial skills necessary for moving around in three-dimensional space. These alternative explanations are not mutually exclusive. Thirty, day-old chicks were randomly allocated into two equal groups and reared in litter pens, one with access to perches (P+) and one without (P-). At 8 weeks of age, all birds were given access to perches, and by 15 weeks, all birds were using perches for roosting at night. At 16 weeks, 10 birds from each group were tested in pens where food was presented on a wire mesh tier 40 cm above the ground (T40). Three consecutive tests, with increasing difficulty for the bird to reach the food, were then performed. Firstly, the food was presented at 80 cm above the ground but with the tier at 40 cm still present; secondly, food was presented on the tier at 80 cm; and then, finally, with the food on a 160 cm high tier with the tier at 80 cm still present. All birds were food deprived for 15 h before each test and the time from the bird entering the pen until reaching the food was recorded. There was no difference in the time to reach the food between P + and P - birds in the T40 test. But as the difficulty of the task increased, the difference between the P+ and P - birds became significant, with the P - birds taking a longer time to reach the food or not reaching it at all. Since there was no difference between P+ and P - in the T40 test, it seems reasonable to suppose that the later differences did not depend on differences in physical ability. Therefore, the results may imply that rearing without early access to perches, in some ways, impairs the spatial cognitive skills of the domestic hen. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.

AB - The effect of rearing with and without perches on the spatial ability of domestic hens (Gallus gallus domesticus) was investigated. No access or late access to perches during rearing has been shown to increase the later prevalence of floor eggs and cloacal cannibalism in loose-housed laying hens. This may be explained by either the birds reared without perches have difficulty using perches due to low muscle strength, lack of motor skills, and inability to keep balance, or they have impaired spatial skills necessary for moving around in three-dimensional space. These alternative explanations are not mutually exclusive. Thirty, day-old chicks were randomly allocated into two equal groups and reared in litter pens, one with access to perches (P+) and one without (P-). At 8 weeks of age, all birds were given access to perches, and by 15 weeks, all birds were using perches for roosting at night. At 16 weeks, 10 birds from each group were tested in pens where food was presented on a wire mesh tier 40 cm above the ground (T40). Three consecutive tests, with increasing difficulty for the bird to reach the food, were then performed. Firstly, the food was presented at 80 cm above the ground but with the tier at 40 cm still present; secondly, food was presented on the tier at 80 cm; and then, finally, with the food on a 160 cm high tier with the tier at 80 cm still present. All birds were food deprived for 15 h before each test and the time from the bird entering the pen until reaching the food was recorded. There was no difference in the time to reach the food between P + and P - birds in the T40 test. But as the difficulty of the task increased, the difference between the P+ and P - birds became significant, with the P - birds taking a longer time to reach the food or not reaching it at all. Since there was no difference between P+ and P - in the T40 test, it seems reasonable to suppose that the later differences did not depend on differences in physical ability. Therefore, the results may imply that rearing without early access to perches, in some ways, impairs the spatial cognitive skills of the domestic hen. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science B.V.

KW - Chicken

KW - Cognition

KW - Learning ontogeny

KW - Perching

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0034599511&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.1016/S0168-1591(99)00125-2

DO - 10.1016/S0168-1591(99)00125-2

M3 - Journal article

AN - SCOPUS:0034599511

VL - 67

SP - 217

EP - 228

JO - Applied Animal Behaviour Science

JF - Applied Animal Behaviour Science

SN - 0168-1591

IS - 3

ER -